Mesothelioma

Diagnosis

2007-06-19T07:48:00.000-07:00

Diagnosis is the process of determining the kind of disease that is present. An accurate diagnosis is important because it helps to determine the type of treatment that you will undergo.

Your doctors may use a number of procedures to aid in the diagnosis of mesothelioma. The most common of those procedures are listed here. Whether one or a combination of these tests are conducted in a given patient’s case will depend on factors unique to the patient. Some tests might first be conducted to determine whether a biopsy should be performed. A biopsy is usually necessary to confirm a diagnosis.

For your reference, a word with “-scopy” at the end refers to the use of a scope or viewing instrument that can be used to look directly inside the body at the abnormal or suspected area. A word that ends in “-ectomy” refers to the removal of tissue through surgery.

Pleural Mesothelioma: Diagnosis

Your doctor may perform some of the following procedures to diagnose pleural mesothelioma.

CT scan

This type of X-ray provides a very detailed picture of the size and location of the cancer. The images taken are compiled by a computer to create a more complete image of the disease. The procedure is also called a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan.

PET scan

A procedure in which a small amount of radioactive glucose (sugar) is injected into a vein, and a scanner is used to make detailed, computerized pictures of areas inside the body where the glucose is used. Because cancer cells often use more glucose than normal cells, the pictures can be used to find cancer cells in the body.

Thoracoscopy

The diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma may involve your doctor looking inside the chest cavity with an instrument called a thoracoscope. For this procedure, an incision is made through the chest wall and the thoracoscope is put into the chest between two ribs. This procedure is usually done in the hospital.

Bronchoscopy

A bronchoscopy involves an examination of the lungs and air passages. The doctor places a lighted tube down the patient’s throat and trachea into the lungs. This procedure is called a bronchoscopy, and the instrument used is called a bronchoscope.

Thoracentesis

Some patients develop fluid in their lungs. This is called a pleural effusion. Your doctor might take a sample of this fluid with a needle injected into the chest and test the fluid for cancer cells. Your doctor may also perform this procedure for draining fluid from the lungs to help relieve pain.

Mediastinoscopy

This is a test that examines the mediastinum. This area is in the center of your chest, between your lungs, and contains the heart, blood vessels and lymph nodes.

Needle Biopsy

For this procedure, the doctor uses a thin needle to take samples of cells for examination under microscope. This test can be uncomfortable but may take only a few minutes. Small pieces of the tissue are taken and then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

The doctor might also use an X-ray, CT scan or fluoroscopy to guide the needle as it is inserted into the tumor. Fluoroscopy is a diagnostic procedure in which X-rays are passed through the body and then projected onto a screen, providing a continuous image of the body’s internal structures.

Wedge Biopsy

For this procedure, a doctor makes an incision through the skin, and a wedge of tissue or tumor is obtained and sent to a laboratory for analysis. A wedge biopsy is often used when other biopsy methods have been unable to confirm a diagnosis.

Cytology and Pathology

Pathology is a study of a disease, which looks at specific cells and types of a disease process to determine the cause. Pathology tests are performed on samples of body fluid or tissue to determine the cell type (cytology) of a specific disease. The process of looking at these samples may include using microscopes, electron microscopes and various stains. This refers to special cell-staining techniques that identify specific types of malignant mesothelioma tumors. Certain types of dyes or coloring are added to the patient’s biopsy samples. Depending on how the tissue responds to the dye, the doctor can make a better estimate about the outcome of the illness. In making the diagnosis, the more information the doctor has about the tumor, the better he or she can recommend appropriate treatment.

After your biopsy, a sample of the tissue or fluid removed may be sent to a hospital laboratory to be analyzed.

If fluid is removed during a thorancentesis or thorascopy, it is sent to a Cytology lab for analysis. Your doctor will receive a written report of the results. The doctor may receive an oral report from the lab prior to the written results.

If a tissue biopsy from a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy or thorascopy is done, it is sent to a surgical pathology lab for analysis. The final report will be sent to your doctor.

Surgical removal of a tumor, pleura or lung is sent to a surgical pathology lab. In the lab the material is analyzed with special stains. The material may be placed under a microscope for magnification and further review to determine the cell type. After analysis is completed, small pieces of any remaining tissue are preserved in paraffin for future us

Peritoneal Mesothelioma: Diagnosis

One way doctors diagnose peritoneal mesothelioma is by looking inside the abdominal cavity with an instrument called a peritoneoscope. In this procedure, a cut is made through the abdomen wall and the peritoneoscope is placed into the abdomen. This test, called a peritoneoscopy, is usually performed in the hospital. Some patients develop excessive fluid in the abdomen. This is called an effusion or ascites. A doctor may take a sample of such fluid to diagnose peritoneal mesothelioma.

Pericardial Mesothelioma: Diagnosis

Pericardial mesothelioma is also known as mesothelioma of the pericardium or cancer of the sac that holds the heart. Your doctor may diagnose pericardial mesothelioma using a thoracoscope to perform a thoracoscopy, which might also involve opening up the chest cavity to remove the tumor.

Patients who develop excessive fluid around the heart, called an effusion, may have a sample of the fluid taken to diagnose pericardial mesothelioma.

2007-06-14T08:50:00.001-07:00

Mesothelioma is rare form of cancer caused by asbestos exposure. The disease might have been preventable had the asbestos industry acted responsibly decades ago to protect the public from the dangers of asbestos. Unfortunately for the estimated 3,000 Americans diagnosed with mesothelioma each year, the asbestos industry hid the dangers of asbestos from the public for decades after it knew of the risks.

In these pages you will learn about the asbestos tragedy in the United States and how it has affected the lives and health of countless American workers and their families. You will also read about how people are exposed to asbestos, including the types of work sites where asbestos was once common and the trades that worked with and around asbestos-containing products. And you will learn how Baron & Budd was one of the first law firms in the country to fight for the rights of asbestos victims and is still widely recognized as a national leader in asbestos litigation to this day.

For nearly three decades, in courtrooms across the country, Baron & Budd has championed the rights of mesothelioma victims. Here are just a few examples of some of the results we have achieved for our mesothelioma clients:

The cases described here reflect the net amounts of the judgments or settlements our clients received after the deduction of attorneys fees and expenses-in other words, what our clients actually received. The actual settlement or verdict would be higher. These cases were all handled by Baron & Budd attorneys serving as lead counsel.

Specific Results Depend on the Facts of Each Case.

$10,603,661.00 Received by Client after Attorney’s Fees and Expenses for a gentleman who developed malignant mesothelioma as a result of his exposure to joint compound as a construction worker. This case went to trial and resulted in a significant verdict in favor of the gentleman, his wife and children that was listed by a national legal publication as one of the top verdicts in the U.S. that year. The case subsequently settled.

$6,356,942.00 Received by Client after Attorney’s Fees and Expenses, for the widow of a man who died at the age of 50 after developing asbestos-related mesothelioma. He was exposed to asbestos while serving in the Navy aboard nuclear submarines during the 1960s. This case went to trial against the manufacturer of an asbestos-containing pipe covering product. The jury awarded a significant verdict, which was affirmed on appeal.

$4,380,755.00 Received by Client after Attorney’s Fees and Expenses, for an ironworker who worked at a number of industrial sites throughout his career and who was diagnosed with mesothelioma at the age of 79.

Mesothelioma Glossary

2007-06-12T03:57:00.000-07:00

Alveoli: tiny air sacs present in the lungs that help in oxygen/blood exchange. Alveoli are the cells that are mostly affected by asbestosis

Asbestos: the name given to 6 naturally occurring fibrous minerals that are used in insulation, construction and various other industries for their fire resistant property

Asbestosis: scarring and damaging of the lung tissues caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers and dust or asbestos exposure

Benign: a condition that is not dangerous or life threatening

Biopsy: removal of the abnormal tissues or cells with help of a needle to check for cancerous growth in that particular area of the body

Bronchoscopy: a thin lighted tube called bronchoscope is inserted through the nose or mouth to examine the breathing passage at the entrance of lungs

Butchart staging system: staging system with I to IV stages, to judge the stages of mesothelioma cancer depending on the scarring of the tissues

Cancer: abnormal or uncontrolled cell growth that is caused by mutation of cellular DNA. Cancer is benign or malignant/fatal

Chemotherapy: a form of cancer treatment by drugs given in form of pills or injected in the veins. It helps to kill the cancerous cells

CT scan: a type of x-ray that takes cross sections pictures of the body and shows mesothelioma affected areas

Curative treatment: treatment that aims to produce a cure of the disease

Gene therapy: of mesothelioma treatment that affects the way the body recognizes cancer

Immunotherapy: a new kind of treatment that induces a pro-inflammatory response

Latency period: the time period between the actual exposure to a harmful agent like asbestos and the appearance of cancer symptoms like mesothelioma

Malignant: cancerous growth of cells that can prove fatal if not controlled on time

Mesothelium: tissues formed by the special cells lining the chest, abdominal cavities and lungs. Mesothelium produces a lubricating fluid that helps organs to move freely

Mesothelioma: a cancer of the lining of the lungs, chest and stomach caused by inhalation of asbestos dust and fibers or asbestos exposure

Metastasize: a cancerous growth that invades a healthy organ or tissue from an already affected organ

Multimodal therapy: use of more than one kind of treatments to kill the mesothelioma cells

Pericardium: the lining of the chest or the sac that contains the heart and produces fluid that allows the heart to beat easily

Peritoneum: the lining that surrounds the abdominal cavity or the stomach and secretes fluid needed to ensure proper movement of stomach and intestine

Pleura: the lining of the lungs that secretes a fluid which allows the lungs to move as they inhale and exhale

PET scan: (Positron Emission Tomography Scan); a procedure in which a small amount of radioactive glucose is injected in the body and a scanner is used to make detailed pictured of the area where glucose is injected to detect the cancer cells

Pleural effusion: accumulation of fluid between the lining of the lungs and the chest cavity that causes pain and shortness of breath

Radiation therapy: use of high energy rays to destroy the mesothelioma cells inside the body

Vermiculite: a naturally occurring mineral used for insulation and other purposes. Sometimes vermiculite is contaminated with asbestos that can cause asbestos related diseases

Mesothelioma legal FAQs are important questions which will help you make a better choice when hiring a lawyer to file a lawsuit against the responsibl

2007-06-12T03:54:00.000-07:00

What is mesothelioma?

Mesothelioma is a rare but fatal cancer which can strike your lungs, abdomen and heart.

How do I get mesothelioma?

You can get mesothelioma from asbestos exposure. Asbestos is a mineral fiber which if inhaled, can settle in the lining of the lungs, stomach and heart and cause cancerous growth of cells.

What should I do if I am diagnosed with an asbestos-related disease like malignant mesothelioma?

If you are diagnosed with any asbestos related disease such as malignant mesothelioma, you should immediately see a doctor who can start prompt treatment for this cancer. You should also consult a mesothelioma attorney to see if legal action can be taken against the party responsible for asbestos exposure.

Why do I need legal help if I get malignant mesothelioma?

You need legal help because a lawyer or mesothelioma attorney can help you get a fair compensation from the responsible party. Being an acclaimed cause of Mesothelioma which leads to death, asbestos is banned in the US and many other countries. Thus, if it was used intentionally, the people accountable for it are legally bound to pay the mesothelioma victims.

Is there specific period of time for filing a mesothelioma lawsuit?

Yes, individual states of US have laws which are known as Statues of Limitations. These laws specify the time limit these victims have during which they can take legal action against the asbestos industry.

What expenses does this mesothelioma compensation cover?

This compensation can help you cover the escalading medical treatment bills which result from mesothelioma tests and treatment. They cannot give back your life but they can compensate for the mental as well as physical pain and anguish which you and your family goes through during this disease. It can also ensure the financial security of your family, after you are gone.

I am not rich enough to afford an attorney. What shall I do if I want to file a mesothelioma lawsuit?

One good thing about filing a mesothelioma case is that the lawyers do not demand out-of-pocket fees for legal expenses. Under a contingency fee arrangement, the lawyers receive a percentage of your total recovery only if they win the case and secure a settlement for you. If they are not able to get you any compensation, they do not get anything. All the expenses of litigating your case will be deducted from the portion of recovery once you win compensation. This is good news for people who cannot afford a mesothelioma attorney.

What kind of compensation can I expect from a mesothelioma lawsuit?

Due to unique nature of each case, every person is entitled to a different amount of compensation. Compensation depends on the nature of your disease, proof of exposure to asbestos, financial condition of the responsible company and laws and jurisdiction of the state and other important facts. An experienced attorney can help you secure a good amount of compensation keeping all these things in mind.

What if I die during the case or before a settlement is reached?

In most of the cases, if you pass away before the court case is settled, your family can continue to fight on your behalf. The executor of your estate will act as the personal representative and receive compensation from your case. Family members of mesothelioma patients have the right to seek compensation for their personal loss.

Can I settle my case out of court or will I have to go to trial?

Settling cases out of court is no unusual occurrence. There may be several defendants in your lawsuit depending on the asbestos products you were exposed to. Some defendants may agree to an out-of-court settlement under agreement with the law firm or others might settle on the ‘courthouse steps’ as it is said. In some cases, it is necessary to undergo a trial to receive a fair compensation.

Why are mesothelioma lawyers successful in winning the case?

The main reason that mesothelioma lawyers are successful in winning the case and securing compensation for their clients is the irresponsibility of employers who exposed them to asbestos. If this asbestos exposure would have been avoided or workplace safety had been ensured, the patient would not be suffering from mesothelioma. Due to the blame which lies with the employer, the mesothelioma lawyers are able to justify the case in court and win. Also, mesothelioma law is strict and helps in getting a fair verdict in favor of its victims.

How do I select the best mesothelioma attorney for fighting my case?

To fight your mesothelioma lawsuit and get the highest compensation, it is important that you get an experienced and reputable lawyer. Due to the increase in mesothelioma cases, there has been an influx of mesothelioma lawyers but you need to find a lawyer who can help you win your case.

What should I look for in an expert mesothelioma lawyer?

An expert mesothelioma lawyer always prepares the case beforehand and conducts thorough research before filing it. S/he understands the complexities involved in such cases including asbestos related issues, time constraints to file the case and medical issues. It is important that the lawyer you have chosen pays equal importance to all issues to make sure that s/he is fully prepared to fight your case.

What are the legal options available to victims of asbestos exposure?

If you were exposed to asbestos and have been diagnosed with asbestos related diseases such as asbestosis, lungs cancer or mesothelioma, you can file a legal claim against the manufacturers, seller and installers of asbestos products. The United States law fully supports the asbestos victims and helps them get fair compensation for their suffering.

I don’t remember when or how I was exposed to asbestos? What can I do?

A majority of people diagnosed with Mesothelioma or other asbestos diseases cannot recall when or how they were exposed to asbestos. Your mesothelioma doctor or attorney can help in this context as you may not be familiar with the wide range of products and places where asbestos is used. Due to long latency period of the disease, you may forget where you were exposed to this deadly mineral.

What are stages of the mesothelioma lawsuit?

There may be different stages to each case. However, some of them are common in all. They are:

Initial sessions in which you contact your attorney, discuss your case and decide if you should file a legal claim. In this process your lawyer will gather the facts and other records which indicate your exposure to asbestos and mesothelioma
Filing the complain is the next step where the case is filed in the court against the responsible party which can be manufacturers, sellers or suppliers of asbestos products
Prosecuting the case is the third step when the court case is scheduled. Investigation is carried out which includes talking to co-workers, family members, acquiring documents and other important things which will be helpful in your case.
As the case progresses, some defendants or the responsible industry may try to make an out of court settlement while offering compensation. This way a case is settled even before a trial begins.
If an out-of-court settlement does not take place, the trial begins on the fixed date. During the trial, testimony and evidence is presented in the court to support the case and win compensation for the mesothelioma victim.

17. How can I help my attorney during the lawsuit and trial?

You can help your attorney by providing him/her with all your up to date and current medical report, you past employment records and answering all the questions correctly which may help him/her in winning the case.

Important mesothelioma questions which can help you fight this deadly cancer

2007-06-12T03:52:00.000-07:00

What is mesothelioma?

Mesothelioma is a dangerous cancer of the lining of the lungs, chest and abdomen caused by asbestos. When asbestos fibers or dust is inhaled, they settle in the lining of these organs and turn cancerous over time.

What is asbestos?

Asbestos is a naturally occurring, long and thin fibrous mineral. It is used in numerous industries due to its fire retardant properties. It was widely used in building construction materials for insulation. Mostly, it was used in ships, cars and other industries.

Why is asbestos a dangerous material?

Asbestos is very dangerous due to its ability to damage the cellular structure of internal organs of the body. Lungs and stomach lining are vulnerable to this material as it can stick to the lining and cause malignant growth.

How can asbestos cause mesothelioma?

When asbestos is inhaled, it settles into the lining of the organs. It causes the mesothelium or the lining cells to multiply abnormally. These cells begin to multiply and divide and affect the working of the organs and tissues of the body.

Can asbestos exposure cause other diseases too?

Yes, asbestos exposure can cause other diseases too. They include pulmonary asbestosis, lung cancer, pleura plaque and mesothelioma, cancer of chest and abdominal lining and asbestosis which is lung scarring that can prove fatal.

Which products contain asbestos which can cause mesothelioma?

A large number of products contain asbestos which lead to its exposure and inhalation. Some of these products are:

Pipes
Furnace insulation materials
Asbestos shingles
Millboards
Textured paints
Coating materials
Floor tiles
Car brakes
Insulations
Acoustical ceilings
Fireproofing
Gaskets
Clutch plates
Stage curtains
Fire blankets
Interior fire doors
Fireproof clothing for firefighters
Thermal pipe insulatio

How long does it take to develop mesothelioma after asbestos exposure?

In most of the cases, it takes from about 20-50 years for the patient to develop mesothelioma after asbestos exposure. The latency period of the disease is very long and one can develop the disease after decades of working in the asbestos industry.

How can asbestos exposure cause mesothelioma?

Whenever asbestos fibers or dust are exposed they can be inhaled. These fibers or dust stick to the lining of the internal organs of the body and cause mesothelioma.

What are the forms of mesothelioma?

There are 3 forms of mesothelioma.

The most common form is pleural mesothelioma or cancer of the lining of the lungs. It affects the lining surrounding the lungs and chest cavity.
The other common form is peritoneal mesothelioma, which attacks the cell membrane around the inside of the abdomen.
The rarest form of mesothelioma is pericardial mesothelioma, which damages the cells in the sac around the heart.

How is mesothelioma recognized?

Mesothelioma is recognized by its symptoms. In the beginning, some of these symptoms may be mistaken for other diseases. However, it is only by tests and checkups that mesothelioma is recognized.

What are the symptoms of mesothelioma?

The first symptoms are often shortness of breath, chest pain, fever, cough, and nausea, pain in the abdomen or anemia. All of these symptoms should be thoroughly investigated as they can also be caused by less serious illnesses, which make diagnosis difficult in its early stages.

Who is at risk for developing mesothelioma?

People working directly with asbestos or asbestos related industry are at most risk for developing mesothelioma. This includes people working in shipyards, dockyards, carpentry, demolitions, factory work, asbestos factory, mines, mills, insulation, installation of brake linings in vehicles and other similar places.

Is there any treatment for mesothelioma?

There are various treatment options for mesothelioma which include:

Tri-modality Therapy
Surgery
Radiation Therapy
Alternative Medicine
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy Clinical Trials
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
Gene Therapy
Drug Therapy
Pain Control and Managemen

How can we help mesothelioma patients?

We can help mesothelioma patients by giving them the best and most effective treatment as soon as possible after the cancer is diagnosed. Only effective treatment can help mesothelioma patients in their recovery.

What should be done if someone is diagnosed with mesothelioma?

The first thing to do if someone is diagnosed with mesothelioma is to contact a doctor who handles mesothelioma cases. The other most important thing is to contact a mesothelioma lawyer or attorney to file a case against the responsible industry whose negligence caused asbestos exposure.

What is the best way to fight mesothelioma in US?

The best way to fight mesothelioma in US is to find a good hospital and a mesothelioma attorney. There are numerous law firms and attorneys in US who deal with mesothelioma cases and help patients in getting a fair compensation for their treatment and medical bills.

What should I do if one of my family members is diagnosed with mesothelioma?

If any one of your family members is diagnosed with mesothelioma, you can help them find a mesothelioma cancer center where they will get the best of treatments. Also, you can contact a mesothelioma attorney and file a compensation case on their behalf.

Is there a cure for mesothelioma?

Unfortunately there is no cure for this deadly cancer. It can only be treated after early diagnosis depending upon the location and stage of cancer.

Caring for Mesothelioma Patients

2007-06-12T03:50:00.000-07:00

It is very appalling and terrifying to learn that your loved one is suffering from mesothelioma. You may not know what to do, how to console your loved one and fight with circumstances to make everything go back to normal.

Being a malignant and fatal cancer, it takes a lot of strength and will to fight and overcome this cancer and live a healthy life. Once mesothelioma develops, it takes a long time and grueling effort both from the patients and their loved ones to maintain their sanity and live a normal life.

When stricken with mesothelioma, the patient may become dejected and lose hope. Even simple activities like eating and talking become a tough chore. In such conditions, it is YOU - the family members and loved ones who need to come forward and help them in this difficult time.

Caring for Mesothelioma patients can be emotionally and physically draining for you too. However, instead of crying and thinking about the worst that could happen, you need to focus on what you can do to make this period easier for the patients. What your loved ones need from you is understanding, love and patience to help them fight this cancer!
Here are some tips on caring for mesothelioma patients:
Put a brave face for the patient

If you have made up your mind to care for your loved one suffering from mesothelioma, you need to present a brave and courageous face. Even though you are very frightened of what will happen next, you have to ensure the patient that all will be well. You have to build up their confidence and boost their morale. This will give them will to fight this deadly cancer.
Get knowledge about the disease

You can only take care of the mesothelioma patient if you know well about the disease. Learn about mesothelioma, how it is caused and can be treated. Also learn how you can take care of the patient in the best possible way. There is lots of information available in books and internet websites which provide you ample knowledge about taking care of a mesothelioma patient.

Whether it is peritoneal mesothelioma, pericardial or pleural mesothelioma, patients need the best of treatment and care to restore them back to life. You can consult a mesothelioma doctor too for additional knowledge. Armed with proper awareness, you can deal with everything that comes your way.
Handle the patient with love and patience

Mesothelioma patients become tired very soon and they feel drained off all energy and life. In this time, you can encourage them to go on with their lives and keep them happy. This may not be an easy task as knowing that they might die is a very disturbing thought. They may also face anxiety and depression. You can always talk to them, listen to what they say and share your own feelings with them. During this time, the patients need extra love, care and patience.
Ensure regular intake of medicines

While treatment for mesothelioma is underway, ensure that the patient takes all of his/her medicine on time and as per schedule. Regular intake of medicines makes a wealth of improvement in the patient’s condition. Sometimes, patients may not take the medicine for the fear of addiction such as morphine and other painkillers. However, your role as a caretaker is to ensure that taking medicines regularly is a vital part of treatment and way to relieve pain.

Even when the patient seems well enough to pass the medicine, do not take a chance and continue to take it for as long as the doctor has prescribed.
Maintain a progress report of the patient

You can talk to the doctor and keep a progress report where you can jot down the patient’s daily condition. This will tell you if the treatment being given is working or not. This way you can tell the doctor about the patient’s progress and improvement. You will see that even though in a minor way, you will see your loved one improving and returning back to normal life.

Caring for mesothelioma patients is not an easy chore. However, with your will and love to care for them and support them, you will be able to give them a new lease of life. With medicines and proper care, the patients can almost lead a normal life and avoid pain.

Mesothelioma Treatment Options

2007-06-12T03:47:00.000-07:00

There are a number of treatment options for you if you are diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma. The kind of medical treatment you get depends on the type of mesothelioma you have. Also, the medical options are considered for a patient keeping in mind:

* Size of the cancer
* Location of the tumor
* Spread of cancer cells in the body
* Patient’s response to treatment
* Appearance of cancer like cells under microscope
* Age of mesothelioma patient

Apart from the traditional treatment options for mesothelioma, there are also some new medical options which are being worked out. These options are still in their testing phase and not all of them are given to mesothelioma patients. However, the most common of treatment options for mesothelioma are:
Surgery

In some mesothelioma cases, it becomes necessary to operate the affected area to remove the cancer tissue to lessen the pain or improve the quality of patients’ life. There are several types of surgery for treating mesothelioma, they are

* Pleurectomy/decortication – it removes the affected part and the surrounding tissues from the chest or abdominal lining
* Pneumonectomy – it is a more aggressive surgery which involves removal of the affected lung to remove mesothelioma
* Thoracentesis – in this process a needle is used to drain the excess fluid or pleural effusion from the lungs to reduce the pressure on lungs and aid breathing
* Extrapleural pneumonectomy – in this type of surgery, the affected lung is removed with the lining and diaphragm from the affected area around the heart

In some cases, surgery is the last resort for people suffering from mesothelioma.
Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to kill the cancerous cells and reduce the tumor size. It helps in relieving pain and shortness of breath. It may be given from a machine outside the body which is external radiation or it may involve putting materials known as radioisotopes which produce radiation through thin plastic tubes in the body where the cancer cells are located.

Patients who are not well enough to sustain surgery are given radiation as a substitute means of relieving symptoms such as shortness of breath, bleeding, pain and swallowing problems. However, it should be noted that radiation also has some side effects which can cause considerable discomfort to the patient.
Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill the cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be administered either in the form of pills or intravenously or it may also be injected into the affected area. Chemotherapy drugs are known to disrupt the growth of mesothelioma cancer cells in the body. Altima and Onocase are some of the effective chemotherapty medicines which are used for treating mesothelioma.

The drugs which are given for chemotherapy also carry a risk of side effects with them and cause numerous other problems too like vomiting, hair loss and anorexia. Side effects can also vary depending upon the drugs used for chemotherapy.
Some Newer Treatment Options for Mesothelioma

They are administered depending on the stage and location of the cancer as well as the age of the patient. They can reduce the intensity of the pain as well as prolong the life of patient. Some newer treatment options for mesothelioma are:

* Photodynamic
* Angiogenesis
* Gene therapy
* Immunotherapy

Photodynamic therapy uses special drugs and light to kill cancer cells during surgery. Before surgery, a drug is injected in to the veins, which makes cancer cells more sensitive to light. This treatment is being especially studied for early stages of pericardial mesothelioma.

Immunotherapy is a simple treatment option which uses body’s natural defense to combat the mesothelioma cancer. However, it is not easy to use this method as patient’s body is already weakened due to the disease.

In Gene therapy, a modified virus is directly injected into chest cavity which treats the patients with an anti-viral drug by killing cancer cells. However, injecting the drug is not an easy task. Clinical trials are underway all over the states to help patients in fighting mesothelioma in the best possible way.

Being a rare and incurable cancer, mesothelioma can only be treated if it is diagnosed on time and the patient gets proper treatment. Doctors are trying out new medical options to effectively treat this form of cancer.

Mesothelioma Doctors and Specialists - Treatment and Care

2007-06-12T03:46:00.000-07:00

Mesothelioma is a malignant cancer that requires varied and special treatments for a patient to survive. For proper and effective treatment, you will be meeting a number of people - doctors and specialists who deal in the type of mesothelioma cancer you are suffering from, as well as other treatment specialists who will help you fight this deadly disease.

You may come across numerous doctors and specialists who will be qualified and highly trained professionals. They will ensure that you receive the best possible care from each of them.

We have compiled some important information about mesothelioma treatment. This information is all about mesothelioma doctors and specialists who will help you in various stages of the disease.
Mesothelioma Doctors and Specialists

Each of these doctors and specialists are highly trained and belong to different fields. You will meet them at various stages of mesothelioma treatment and they will help you in choosing the most suitable treatment options for your condition.
General Practitioner/Doctor/Physician

The first person whom you would visit to confirm your symptoms or for a routine check up is your general practitioner also known as doctor or general physician. You doctor will conduct the initial tests, take your medical history and other details that will help him/her in determining if you are indeed suffering from mesothelioma cancer. If your doctor is certain that the symptoms you are experiencing result from mesothelioma, s/he will refer you to a mesothelioma specialists or a cancer care team.
Pulmonologist

Pulmonologist is a specially trained physician who is specifically trained and has extensively researched in the field of lung disorder. People suffering from pleural mesothelioma or mesothelioma of lining of the lungs are especially referred to a pulmonologist.

A pulmonologist is qualified to diagnose and treat conditions relating to lungs such as lung cancer, pleural mesothelioma, asbestosis or lung scarring and other lung related issues.
Thoracic Surgeon

A specially trained surgeon who can perform the surgeries of heart, lungs, chest and oesophagus is called thoracic surgeon. Thoracic surgeons are qualified to deal with all kinds of lung conditions such as coronary disease, lung and abdominal cancer and heart and lung surgeries.
Medical Oncologist

A physician who is trained or specialized in the field of chemotherapy is known as medical oncologist. A medical oncologist treats various forms of cancer with the help of drug therapy also known as chemotherapy in which the drug is given either orally or intravenous to kill the cancer cells. There are various types of oncologists, all of whom are specialists in cancer treatment.
Radiation Oncologist

Another mesothelioma specialist is a radiation oncologist who is also an expert professional in the field of cancer. Radiation oncologist treats cancer with radiation therapy, another form of treatment that makes use of high energy rays for killing cancer cells.
Radiologist

A radiologist is a trained physician in the field of images. The radiologist uses image equipment such as x-rays, scans and ultrasounds to diagnose cancerous diseases and extent of tumors in the body.
Pathologist

A trained physician who monitors and evaluates the cell changes that indicate the presence of cancer is known as pathologist. Pathologists check for the tumors or cancer in the body by examining the bodily fluids and excretions such as urine, blood, stool and sputum.

Pathologists identify the biological changes in the cells and also perform post mortems. They do not work directly with the patient but help in diagnosing and treating their cancer.
Social Worker

A social worker is not exactly a member of the medical team that helps patient with treatment. Instead, a social worker provides invaluable support and encouragement to the patients when they need it most i.e. while going through treatment and suffering from emotional and physical pain.
Respiratory Therapist

A respiratory therapist is a trained medical worker, expert in evaluating, treating and monitoring patients who face breathing problems while suffering from pleural mesothelioma or any other type of mesothelioma.
Counselor

A counselor provides assistance and advice to people suffering from mesothelioma. A counselor helps a patient who is going through immense physical and mental turmoil and needs aid in coping with his/her condition as realization of suffering from mesothelioma can lead to severe depression and anxiety.

During your mesothelioma treatment, you will be meeting and working with several people at once who will not only help you fight this disease but also help you cope with it. At one point or another you may come in contact with one or more of these specialists. However, it depends on the type and extent of your mesothelioma cancer.

All these people are professionals in their respective fields and together act as a mesothelioma cancer team to give you the best medical and educational care and support possible to fight this malignant disease.

Mesothelioma Pain Management

2007-06-12T03:40:00.001-07:00

Mesothelioma is a dreadful disease in which the patient has to go through several painful moments. Especially during the last stages of the disease, the pain gets really excruciating and managing the pain becomes a challenge.

Unfortunately, some part of the pain is caused by the drugs and treatments that are given to treat mesothelioma. These drugs and modes of treatment can cause almost the same level of discomfort and pain as the disease which directly clashes with the pain relieving techniques.
Pain Management while Suffering from Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma pain management depends on certain factors. It may be the location or extent of cancer. In most of the cases of mesothelioma, the pain is felt in the chest, back and abdominal cavity. Pain can also result due to bowel obstruction.

If a patient is suffering from extraordinary mesothelioma pain, it is best to consult the doctor for medicines and help. Apart from chemotherapy, surgery, immune therapy and radiation therapy, you might need some other medications and treatments to relieve the pain. To improve the quality of patient’s life, it is important to manage the pain.
Taking Prescribed Medicines

Victims of mesothelioma can alleviate their pain by taking prescribed medicines. In most of the cases where mesothelioma has not advanced to high levels, over-the-counter pain killers like aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil and Motrin) and Tylenol are helpful.

Some medications for controlling mesothelioma pain are divided into groups

* Non-opiods are non-narcotic drugs which are used to relieve mild to moderate pain. Some of these non-opiod drugs are Aspirin and Motrin
* Opioids are narcotics given to reduce moderate to severe mesothelioma pain such as morphine fentanyl, vicodin, oxycodone, and hydromorphone
* Rapid-onset opioids are narcotics which are given to treat breakthrough pain

Keeping a Record of Mesothelioma Pain as it Occurs

A patient is the only one who knows best where the pain occurs, when it occurs or how intense it is and what could help him/her during this time of pain. Maintaining a graph or a journal will help in keeping a close eye on the pain and help in better management. Once you notice a pain pattern and document it in your journal, it will become easier for your doctors to treat your pain. The patient can discuss this in detail with the medical team who can come up with an effective plan for pain management. Also inform your doctor if you develop any new kind of pain or problem so it can be promptly looked into and managed.
Pain Management Tools

There are some other mesothelioma pain management tools too apart from pain killers. These tools include the use of anesthesia medications. They can be administered orally, intravenously, as suppositories, patches and shots.

In some cases, epidurals, nerve blocks and implanted pain pumps are given for pain management in mesothelioma patients. However, these medicines are also liable to cause some side effects which can be controlled by proper usage and doctor’s advice.
Neurosurgery

Another option to reduce mesothelioma pain is neurosurgery. With this surgery the nerve paths are altered or interrupted to reduce pain. In some cases, neurosurgery is also used to implant drug delivery devices in the body. In some cases, this method has helped the patients in pain management.
Support Groups

One way to lessen the extent of pain and help the patients and their family members to deal with the associated anxiety and stress is to join support groups. In these groups, patients suffering from mesothelioma are taught coping skills to handle pain and how to ask your loved ones to help you in this time of need. Coping with pain is one step towards treatment.

* Relaxation, meditation, distraction, visualization and hypnosis are some other tools which are practiced in support groups which help the patients in redirecting their energy to something other than pain.
* Music is another such tool which helps in pain management for mesothelioma patients
* Massage and physical and aquatic therapy help you with mobility by stimulating the body muscles and nerves
* Some patients have also been helped with acupuncture

Efforts are underway to find newer and better means to help mesothelioma patients with pain management. A combination of above methods may facilitate you in helping yourself or your loved one. Some of these methods cost nothing but go a long way in assisting the patients.

Mesothelioma Treatment and Care

2007-06-12T03:36:00.000-07:00

Even though numerous treatment options are available for mesothelioma, all of them are not 100% satisfactory and do not effectively treat this malignant cancer. The standard treatment modes for malignant mesothelioma are surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, while some of the new treatments are biology therapy, gene therapy and drug therapy. There are various other unconventional ways for pain control and management which include support groups and other forms of therapies. Treatment also depends upon the type, location and stage of mesothelioma in the body.

Taking care of mesothelioma patients is not an easy job for care givers. It is simultaneously emotionally and physically tiring for care givers as mesothelioma patients may experience severe pain and other emotional problems. They need all the love and support along with medical treatments to ensure their speedy recovery. Treatment and care should be given prime importance to a patient suffering from mesothelioma. Our articles on treatment and care for mesothelioma patients will give you an insight on how to help yourself or your nearest and dearest suffering from this deadly cancer.

Alternative Therapies for Mesothelioma

Alternative therapies for Mesothelioma refer to those therapies or forms of treatment which are given aside from the medical or traditional treatments of mesothelioma. These treatments are not always recommended or suggested by doctors as they are not actually medical options. They work towards making people more spiritually or internally strong to fight this deadly cancer.

As they are not a part of medical treatment, they are called as alternative therapies for mesothelioma. In this context, these alternative therapies can also be called holistic. They treat the patient physically, emotionally, mentally as well as spiritually. Because of their unconventional ways, many doctors do not even approve of them, but in some cases, patients find them to be very relaxing and stimulating for fighting the symptoms of disease.
Some Alternate Therapies for Mesothelioma

Here we have mentioned some of the alternative therapies for mesothelioma. If you or your friend is suffering from mesothelioma, you might want to try one or more of these therapies.
Acupuncture

Acupuncture originally comes from China and it is an art which helps in relieving pain. Mesothelioma symptoms are accompanied by intense pain. Many patients suffering from mesothelioma seek acupuncture treatment to decrease the pain so that they may enjoy an improved life. Acupuncture involves insertion of long, thin needles in certain points of the body. The acupuncture specialists know the exact points where they should insert the needles which will help to control the pain. This treatment may go on as long as necessary to relief the patient from pain.
Massage

Massage is one of the most popular forms of alternative therapy for mesothelioma patients helping in reducing both the stress and pain. It provides them the much needed relaxation and respite from the painful thoughts. The patients are given full body massages by applying tension, pressure and motions to the soft body tissues that include tendons, muscles, ligaments and lymphatic tissues.

Massage also helps in reducing some of the symptoms of mesothelioma and medical treatments. Nausea is one such side effect of chemotherapy which can be kept at bay by massage. There are specially trained massage therapists who know all the techniques for relieving pain and other symptoms administered by chiropractor. Massage can be taken whenever the patient feels like it.
Herbal and Nutritional Supplements

Used along with medical treatment and other alternative therapies, herbal and nutritional supplements are equally helpful for mesothelioma patients. These herbal and nutritional supplements are said to boost the immune system of the patient while at the same time slowing the cancer progress in the body. They may include special diets, medicines or treatments like homeopathic.

Some of the herbs are also known to reduce the potency of chemo drugs. However, not all of these supplements are approved by FDA. Thus, it is suggested that you tell your doctor about any herbal and nutritional supplements you are taking so that they do not interfere with your regular treatment.
TENS Therapy

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) therapy is the placing of electrodes on the nerve pathway. This leads to production of an electric current which stimulates the production of morphine like substance in the brain. This substance is said to reduce pain in mesothelioma patients. A number of patients looking for a smoothing therapy often try TENS therapy which shows successful results.
Meditation

It is claimed that meditation increases the immune function of the body and helps in controlling pain and stress. However, it is not to be confused with massage. Meditation is an important part of many eastern religions and it is famous for brining about a healthy state of relaxation, which clears the mind and soul of all problems. It not only relaxes the body but also calms the mind. Mesothelioma patients who suffer from both mental and physical stress and pain can make use of this alternative therapy. It can help in improved quality of life for patients.

Mesothelioma patients are taught how to become aware of their minds and adopt attitude which can help them control the stress and deal with pain.
Hypnosis

Hypnosis is fast becoming a popular alternative therapy for controlling pain and keeping stress at bay. A licensed hypno-therapist should be consulted who is experienced in dealing with cancer patients to help them find relief from pain and stress associated with mesothelioma.

Alternative therapies are a good way to help patients cope with their conditions. While these alternative therapies are not able to control the cancer or stop its spread in the body, they can certainly help the patient in managing the pain and controlling the stress and anxiety which accompanies the disease. However, for these alternative therapies, you should always consult a medical professional so that it does not interfere with your treatment and you get the best of both options.

Choosing an Expert Mesothelioma Attorney/Lawyer

2007-06-12T03:33:00.001-07:00

According to mesothelioma laws, if you are diagnosed with mesothelioma cancer, you are entitled to get compensation from the responsible asbestos industry. For this, you need an expert mesothelioma attorney/lawyer to file a lawsuit against the responsible party and win the highest compensation money possible.

However, it is not as easy as it seems. Hiring a mesothelioma attorney/lawyer can be a pretty tough job if you have never set foot in a lawyer’s office. While choosing an expert mesothelioma attorney/lawyer, you need to consider a number of things before you hire him/her to present you in a mesothelioma or asbestos lawsuit.

You may not know all the important things to keep in mind for choosing an attorney. Here we have compiled some important points that you should consider while choosing an expert mesothelioma attorney/lawyer.

Check out an Attorney’s/Lawyer’s Credentials
Do not go for television advertisements and billboards. They are not important enough for choosing an expert attorney to fight your mesothelioma case. Check out the credentials of the mesothelioma attorney you want to fight your case.

The main things to focus are the accomplishments of the lawyer, the mesothelioma cases s/he has won, way of handling cases and other related things. Remember, most of the best law firms or attorneys do not go for advertising as they don’t need to publicize themselves.

Don’t get impressed by Big Names
Big law firms with lots of attorneys and money always seem the best choice for fighting your case. However, due to their work load and pressure, your case might be assigned to a junior attorney, lawyer or a paralegal who might not be competent enough to handle your case as seriously as it demands.

You don’t want your case to be dragged for extended period of time with numerous court visits and endless arguments. You should know that in many cases an expert mesothelioma attorney/lawyer, can get the case settled outside the court. You might not be up for so much exertion and stress while suffering from mesothelioma. This might happen if a junior lawyer from a big firm is handling your case instead of an experienced attorney whom you wanted instead.

Your lawyer does not necessarily have to be in the same state as you. According to the laws, an attorney can practice in any state for a specific area regardless of the office or staff.

Decide the Fee before Hiring an Attorney/Lawyer
It is advised that you decide the terms and conditions for payment before hiring a mesothelioma attorney/lawyer. When you choose a mesothelioma or asbestos attorney, talk about the fees and how it would be paid when you receive compensation. In most of the mesothelioma cases, contingency payments are made. It means that the attorney/lawyer only gets paid if they win compensation for you. Most of the mesothelioma and asbestos cases are handled on contingency basis by law firms.

The rate for contingency fee varies from state to state. Usually it ranges form 33-40% of the total compensation amount after deducting the expenses. Be sure to discuss the matter of fees and payment, the services covered in that fee and any other concerns openly. This will save you any problems that might occur afterwards.

Understand the Legalities involved in the Case
While choosing a mesothelioma attorney/lawyer, it is vital that you ask your attorney to keep you informed on the legalities of the case and the case proceedings. Your lawyer must agree to this before you sign an agreement with her/him. If the attorney you want to engage does not agree to your active participation in decision making and other important matters, it is advised that you look somewhere else for an expert mesothelioma attorney.

Your attorney should be a trusted partner whom you can trust completely to win your case. If you feel that you cannot trust your attorney on his/her expertise, skill and dedication to your case… perhaps s/he is not the right person for the job.

Some warning signs that can help you determine if you are choosing an expert mesothelioma attorney/lawyer or not:

* Your mesothelioma lawyer is hard to reach, does not return the calls promptly or does not attend his/her own calls when you need them most
* Your mesothelioma attorney is not interested in what you have to say and only does what he deems right
* During the initial meetings, you doubt his/her competence, experience and integrity to fight your mesothelioma case

Filing your mesothelioma case is a very important issue as it’s your only chance of winning money that could help you and your family in this time of dire need and pain. Choosing an expert mesothelioma attorney/lawyer is imperative as an incompetent attorney can lose your case and all chance of remuneration.

Remember: Take your time, do your research and ask questions BEFORE you sign an agreement or contract.

Mesothelioma Law Information

2007-06-12T03:31:00.000-07:00

The history of asbestos and mesothelioma law goes back to more than 1980 since, the time since asbestos dangers were discovered. Mesothelioma laws were made to protect people from this deadly cancer and to punish the companies who deliberately exposed their workers to asbestos even after knowing its dangers.

The mesothelioma law states that if you have been knowingly exposed to asbestos or if you have lost someone to an asbestos related disease, you have a right to seek compensation and bring to justice the people responsible for your loss. While the monetary compensation will not relieve the anguish and pain of the disease, it will at least ease the financial burden of your medical bills and expensive treatment and improve the quality of life for you and your loved ones.

Mesothelioma is a 100% preventable disease. However, it was due to the careless and greedy nature of some people who did not care for general health and endangered innocent lives for personal gain. This includes people who manufacture, sell, supply and exfoliate asbestos at processing plants.

Working or dealing with asbestos without any safety measures leads to inhalation of asbestos by large number of people living or working in the vicinity. When inhaled, the particles and dust released from asbestos can settle in the lining of stomach, heart and lungs and cause malignant Mesothelioma, a rare cancer only caused by asbestos exposure.

Being a preventable cancer, the sole responsibility of the occurrence and spreading of Mesothelioma lies on people who handle the asbestos industry. Thus, mesothelioma laws hold such people accountable for several lives that have fallen victim to this deadly disease and demands justice from them.
Filing a Mesothelioma Case

Filing a Mesothelioma case can be a difficult decision. Before filing a case, you need to be fully aware of your legal rights so that when you file the case, you emerge victorious.

If you know for sure that mesothelioma laws were violated and you and your loved one were knowingly exposed to asbestos which caused cancer, you have the right to file a mesothelioma case. For this you need to know exactly how or when you were exposed to asbestos.

Before filing the case, you need to see an attorney and work towards strengthening your case to make sure that you are protected by mesothelioma legal rights. Your mesothelioma legal rights enable you to seek compensation from the people responsible for your situation. Filing a lawsuit on behalf of a family member who has lost his/her life due to the disease may pose some limitations on your rights.

To get information regarding mesothelioma and asbestos and get justice, you should seek a mesothelioma attorney as soon as you are diagnosed with the disease. Family members of a deceased Mesothelioma patient can also file for compensation for their personal loss. Laws and procedures for each kind of case differ and it is only after consulting a professional lawyer that you should file a lawsuit to get justice for your suffering and loss.

Mesothelioma Legal Advice

2007-06-12T03:30:00.000-07:00

Mesothelioma was recognized as a legitimate cause of death by the US government in 1989 and consequently commercial use of asbestos was banned. It was done after numerous researches unquestionably proved that mesothelioma is a deadly cancer caused by asbestos exposure. For people who are suffering from mesothelioma, the good news is that now they can get compensated for all their medical expenses and treatment. But, it is not as easy as it sounds. You cannot fight the legal battle on your own for you will require a professional, experienced and a reputable mesothelioma lawyer to help you fight your case and get you fair compensation from the responsible source of asbestos exposure.

In case you decide to not go for a full fledged legal battle your lawyer can also assist you in getting an out of court settlement from the liable asbestos source. To file a case against the offender, you need to have a number of evidences with you which will make your lawsuit strong. This evidence may be your employment record with a company, your medical reports proving mesothelioma as well as witnesses who can testify for you.

Mesothelioma patients or their family members can file a claim against the negligent employers who did not ensure protective workplace safety measures against an asbestos filled environment. The compensation thus obtained can help the patient with the treatment and medical bills and it can help make up for some of the anguish and distress which the patients and their families suffer. Check out the articles in our mesothelioma legal advice for sound lawful advice before you file your mesothelioma compensation case.

What is mesothelioma?

2007-06-11T08:24:00.000-07:00

Mesothelioma (cancer of the mesothelium) is a disease in which cells of the mesothelium become abnormal and divide without control or order. They can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also metastasize (spread) from their original site to other parts of the body. Most cases of mesothelioma begin in the pleura or peritoneum.

# How common is mesothelioma?

Although reported incidence rates have increased in the past 20 years, mesothelioma is still a relatively rare cancer. About 2,000 new cases of mesothelioma are diagnosed in the United States each year. Mesothelioma occurs more often in men than in women and risk increases with age, but this disease can appear in either men or women at any age.

# What are the risk factors for mesothelioma?

Working with asbestos is the major risk factor for mesothelioma. A history of asbestos exposure at work is reported in about 70 percent to 80 percent of all cases. However, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals without any known exposure to asbestos.

Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals that occur naturally as masses of strong, flexible fibers that can be separated into thin threads and woven. Asbestos has been widely used in many industrial products, including cement, brake linings, roof shingles, flooring products, textiles, and insulation. If tiny asbestos particles float in the air, especially during the manufacturing process, they may be inhaled or swallowed, and can cause serious health problems. In addition to mesothelioma, exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancer, asbestosis (a noncancerous, chronic lung ailment), and other cancers, such as those of the larynx and kidney.

Smoking does not appear to increase the risk of mesothelioma. However, the combination of smoking and asbestos exposure significantly increases a person’s risk of developing cancer of the air passageways in the lung.

# Who is at increased risk for developing mesothelioma?

Asbestos has been mined and used commercially since the late 1800s. Its use greatly increased during World War II. Since the early 1940s, millions of American workers have been exposed to asbestos dust. Initially, the risks associated with asbestos exposure were not known. However, an increased risk of developing mesothelioma was later found among shipyard workers, people who work in asbestos mines and mills, producers of asbestos products, workers in the heating and construction industries, and other tradespeople. Today, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets limits for acceptable levels of asbestos exposure in the workplace. People who work with asbestos wear personal protective equipment to lower their risk of exposure.

The risk of asbestos-related disease increases with heavier exposure to asbestos and longer exposure time. However, some individuals with only brief exposures have developed mesothelioma. On the other hand, not all workers who are heavily exposed develop asbestos-related diseases.

There is some evidence that family members and others living with asbestos workers have an increased risk of developing mesothelioma, and possibly other asbestos-related diseases. This risk may be the result of exposure to asbestos dust brought home on the clothing and hair of asbestos workers. To reduce the chance of exposing family members to asbestos fibers, asbestos workers are usually required to shower and change their clothing before leaving the workplace.

# What are the symptoms of mesothelioma?

Symptoms of mesothelioma may not appear until 30 to 50 years after exposure to asbestos. Shortness of breath and pain in the chest due to an accumulation of fluid in the pleura are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma include weight loss and abdominal pain and swelling due to a buildup of fluid in the abdomen. Other symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma may include bowel obstruction, blood clotting abnormalities, anemia, and fever. If the cancer has spread beyond the mesothelium to other parts of the body, symptoms may include pain, trouble swallowing, or swelling of the neck or face.

These symptoms may be caused by mesothelioma or by other, less serious conditions. It is important to see a doctor about any of these symptoms. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis.

# How is mesothelioma diagnosed?

Diagnosing mesothelioma is often difficult, because the symptoms are similar to those of a number of other conditions. Diagnosis begins with a review of the patient’s medical history, including any history of asbestos exposure. A complete physical examination may be performed, including x-rays of the chest or abdomen and lung function tests. A CT (or CAT) scan or an MRI may also be useful. A CT scan is a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. In an MRI, a powerful magnet linked to a computer is used to make detailed pictures of areas inside the body. These pictures are viewed on a monitor and can also be printed.

A biopsy is needed to confirm a diagnosis of mesothelioma. In a biopsy, a surgeon or a medical oncologist (a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer) removes a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope by a pathologist. A biopsy may be done in different ways, depending on where the abnormal area is located. If the cancer is in the chest, the doctor may perform a thoracoscopy. In this procedure, the doctor makes a small cut through the chest wall and puts a thin, lighted tube called a thoracoscope into the chest between two ribs. Thoracoscopy allows the doctor to look inside the chest and obtain tissue samples. If the cancer is in the abdomen, the doctor may perform a peritoneoscopy. To obtain tissue for examination, the doctor makes a small opening in the abdomen and inserts a special instrument called a peritoneoscope into the abdominal cavity. If these procedures do not yield enough tissue, more extensive diagnostic surgery may be necessary.

If the diagnosis is mesothelioma, the doctor will want to learn the stage (or extent) of the disease. Staging involves more tests in a careful attempt to find out whether the cancer has spread and, if so, to which parts of the body. Knowing the stage of the disease helps the doctor plan treatment.

Mesothelioma is described as localized if the cancer is found only on the membrane surface where it originated. It is classified as advanced if it has spread beyond the original membrane surface to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, lungs, chest wall, or abdominal organs.

# How is mesothelioma treated?

Treatment for mesothelioma depends on the location of the cancer, the stage of the disease, and the patient’s age and general health. Standard treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Sometimes, these treatments are combined.

* Surgery is a common treatment for mesothelioma. The doctor may remove part of the lining of the chest or abdomen and some of the tissue around it. For cancer of the pleura (pleural mesothelioma), a lung may be removed in an operation called a pneumonectomy. Sometimes part of the diaphragm, the muscle below the lungs that helps with breathing, is also removed.

* Radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy, involves the use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation therapy affects the cancer cells only in the treated area. The radiation may come from a machine (external radiation) or from putting materials that produce radiation through thin plastic tubes into the area where the cancer cells are found (internal radiation therapy).

* Chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Most drugs used to treat mesothelioma are given by injection into a vein (intravenous, or IV). Doctors are also studying the effectiveness of putting chemotherapy directly into the chest or abdomen (intracavitary chemotherapy).

To relieve symptoms and control pain, the doctor may use a needle or a thin tube to drain fluid that has built up in the chest or abdomen. The procedure for removing fluid from the chest is called thoracentesis. Removal of fluid from the abdomen is called paracentesis. Drugs may be given through a tube in the chest to prevent more fluid from accumulating. Radiation therapy and surgery may also be helpful in relieving symptoms.

# Are new treatments for mesothelioma being studied?

Yes. Because mesothelioma is very hard to control, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) is sponsoring clinical trials (research studies with people) that are designed to find new treatments and better ways to use current treatments. Before any new treatment can be recommended for general use, doctors conduct clinical trials to find out whether the treatment is safe for patients and effective against the disease. Participation in clinical trials is an important treatment option for many patients with mesothelioma.

People interested in taking part in a clinical trial should talk with their doctor. Information about clinical trials is available from the Cancer Information Service (CIS) (see below) at 1–800–4–CANCER. Information specialists at the CIS use PDQ®, NCI’s cancer information database, to identify and provide detailed information about specific ongoing clinical trials. Patients also have the option of searching for clinical trials on their own. The clinical trials page on the NCI’s Cancer.gov Web site, located at http://www.cancer.gov/clinical_trials on the Internet, provides general information about clinical trials and links to PDQ.

People considering clinical trials may be interested in the NCI booklet Taking Part in Clinical Trials: What Cancer Patients Need To Know. This booklet describes how research studies are carried out and explains their possible benefits and risks. The booklet is available by calling the CIS, or from the NCI Publications Locator Web site at http://www.cancer.gov/publications on the Internet.